Dr. Banashree Jena1, Dr. G.C. Nanda2, Dr. Bipin Bihari Khuntia3
1Ph D Scholar, Department of Kayachikitsha, Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Puri.
2Asst. Director and Head, DR. Achint Laxmi Palti Research Center for Ayurveda VHS Campus Chennai, India.
3Professor and HOD, Kriyasharira, Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Puri, Odisha.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: drbanashreejena@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Ayurveda has taken the foremost place in the management of various diseases; one of them is Pureeshajakrimi roga which can be correlated with Helminthiasis or Intestinal worm infestation due to its clinical appearance. Helminthes are parasitic worms. They are most common infectious in humans in developing countries and produce a global burden of disease that exceeds better known conditions. Pureeshajakrimi or intestinal helminthiasis represents one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases. From the time immemorial, Krimi Roga is prevailing in this world. Its description is found in almost all ancient texts including Vedas. According to Ayurveda 4 types of Krimis[1] i.e. Pureeshaja, Raktaja, Kaphaja, Malajahave been described which is overall divided into 2 i.e. Bahya & Abhyantara. Nirgundi is described as Krimighna i.e. vermifuge (to kill the intestinal worms) as per Carak Samhita, Dhanwantari Nighantu and KayadevaNighantu and Bhavaprakash. In the present study Nirgundi Ghanavati is selected for taking orally as per Carak Samhita Sutrasthana 4/15[2,3]. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Nirgundi Ghanavati in Pureeshaja Krimi which was prepared pharmacognostically authenticated raw drugs followed by detailed analytical study as per standard protocol. The observations were systematically recorded. Presence of phytochemical components like carbohydrates, tannin, polyphenols, flavonoids support the action of the drug used for pureeshajakrimi.
KEYWORDS: Pureeshajakrimi, Nirgundi Ghanavati, Helminthiasis, Phytochemical.
INTRODUCTION:
Health is defined as the equilibrium of Dosas and freedom from all diseases. The persons having bodily elements like Dosa, Agni, Dhatu and Mala in equilibrium state & bestowed its Prasannatma, Indriya and Mana. To maintain or cure the disease the medicinal plants are described in Vedas which are very much precious. Each and every single herb in earth has some medicinal properties used in a particular way as mentioned in our Ayurvedic texts works miraculously to prevent and cure the diseases.
In this context Nirgundi is a single drug used to evaluate its efficacy in Pureeshajakrimi as it is described as Krimighna in Carak Samhita, Kayadeva Nighantu and Bhavaprakash. It is taken with a hypothesis that it will be effective and safe drug for treating Helminthiasis (Pureeshajakrimi), also abundantly available and economically sound. Whereas modern helmintic drugs are cyto and hepatotoxic. Nirgundi, Vitexnegundo Linn.is documented to posses antibacterial, anti tumor, astringent, sedative, tonic and vermifuge. It has potent pharmacological properties like anti inflammatory, anti rheumatic, antibiotic, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant, anti allergic activities. [4] So Nirgundi Ghanavati can be effectively used in the elimination of pureeshajakrimi.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
COLLECTION OF RAW DRUG:
As Nirgundi is the single drug in Nirgundi Ghanavati, is abundantly needed for the medicine, so it was purchased from the market. Samples of drug were sampled, packed in polythene bags labeled with name, part, place, date of collection are subjected to pharmacognostical study confirmation and genuineness.
INGREDIENTS AND PARTS USED:
Panchanga of Nirgundi, Vitexnegundo Linn.
METHOD OF PREPARATION:
Nirgundi Ghanavati was prepared as per the reference of Bhaisajya Kalpana Vigyana in the pharmacy of Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Puri, Odisha.[5] As per the methods after cleaning the Panchanga are cut into short and made into Kvatha (Decoction). After desirable reduction of the volume, the Kvatha was filtered through and collected in a vessel. Then again this Kvatha is heated and reduced till all the water gets vaporized and a thick consistency appered. Then the vati of 500 mg is made as per the Vati Kalpana. Then prepared Vati was packed in air tight container and sent for analytical study.
Analytical study:
After preparation, Nirgundi Ghanavati was sent to Quality Control Laboratory ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College and PG Centre, Koppa, Dist-Chikmagalur, Karnataka. Drug was analyzed by adopting various related analytical parameters and the following results are obtained.
Analysis of Nirgundi Ghanavati:
1. Organoleptic characters:
Colour : Brown
Odour : Characteristic (aromatic)
Taste : Astringent
Appearance : Vati
2. Physic-chemical parameters:
Loss on drying at 1050C : 4.50%
Total ash : 11.25%
Acid insoluble ash : 1.12%
Water insoluble ash : 2.25%
Water soluble extractives : 72.20%
Alcohol soluble extractives: 28.60%
pH : 5.38+0.10
Uniformity (in gm weight + Standard deviation)
:485+055
Friability (Loss in percentage): 0.00%
Hardness (in N) : 16+01
Disintegration (Deionized water) :130 minutes
3. Preliminary Phytochemical tests:
Carbohydrates : Present
Protein : Absent
Tannin : Present
Polyphenols : Present
Flavonoids : Present
Anthraquinone glycosides: Present
Cardiac glycosides : Present
Alkaloids : Absent
Steroids : Present
Triterpene : Present
Saponins : Present
4. Fluorescent Tests
Under Visible Light Under Long UV
Sample Brown Transparent reddish- brown
Sample + Water Brown Green
Sample + Methanol Greyish – Fluorescent light
brown yellow
Sample + 10% NaOH Greenish-brown Brownish-green
Sample + HCl Light brown Greyish-green
Sample
+ 10% H2SO4 Light brown Light
green
Sample + 10% HNO3 Mud colour Greenish-yellow
Sample + 10% NH3 Reddish-brown Greenish-Brown
5. Thin Layer Chromatography
Solvent System: Chloroform: Methanol::8:2
Spraying Agent: Anisaldehyde Sulphuric Acid
Extract Used For Spotting: Hydro alcoholic Extract
Before Derivatization (Spraying)
Rf Values Under Visible Light Under Long UV
0.09 ------- Green
0.21 Light green Green
0.39 Light green Fluorescent blue
0.51 ------- Brownish green
0.65 Creamish green -------
0.68 Green Reddish-brown
After Derivatization (Spraying)
Rf Values Under Visible Light Under Long UV
0.21 Light brown Brown
0.39 Light brown Fluorescent blue
0.65 -------- Brown
0.68 Brownish green Brown
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
The authenticity of the drug used in the preparation of Nirgundi Ghanavati confirms the initial purpose of the study.
From the organoleptic character it is of vati in appearance and aromatic odour, brown colour and astringent taste. Its pH is 5.38+0.10 which signifies that it is of weak acid in nature so that will not cause gastric irritation to the children as the present status belongs to the age group from 10-14 yrs. Its disintegration time is 130 minutes, thus taken it should be taken before food to find out good result.[6] Tannin helps to control gastrointestinal nematode infestation. They found that bioactive tanniniferous plants represent a valuable option as an alternative to commercial drugs for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes with antiparasitic effects, reduction in nematode numbers, egg excretion.[6] Saponins found in the drug have significant anthelmintic activity on larvae i.e. L1 stage of gastrointestinal nematodes. According to review article written by Middleton (2000), it is found that several flavonoids may show deleterious effects on selected species of parasite helminthes. It is possible that different developmental stages (larvae, juvenile or adult) of helminthes might posses susceptibility to different flavonoids. Flavonoids, Anthraquinone derivatives impose laxative action.[7] Cardiac glycosides increases cardiac contractibility where as Triterpene in Nirgundi has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.[8] Flavonoids also act as antimicrobial agent.[9] Polyphenols have antioxidant property.[10] Keeping the eye on the analytical study of the Nirgundi Ghanavati it can be assured as safe and a better trial to carry on the study. According to Ayurveda depending on the Katu, Tikta Rasa Guna Kriyaand Kapha Vata Samaka Guna of Nirgundi,[11] it will be beneficial for the study in the management of Pureeshajakrimi.
CONCLUSION:
Now a days especially plant origin medicines receive much attention as they were well tested for their efficacy generally believed to be safer for human beings. By thorough screening of the literature available and analytical study, Nirgundi Ghanavati will have significant effect on the management of Pureeshajakrimi.
REFERENCES:
1. Madhav Nidan by G.D Singhal Chaukhamba Publication Krimi Nidan 7/1, Page No.-65.
2. Carak Samhita by Satyanarayana Shastry, Ca.Su.4/15.
3. Dravyaguna Vigyan by P.V Sharma P J Publication by Chaukhamba Bharati Academy 2002.
4. Vitexnegundolinn. Ethmobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. A Review by P.L. Ladda, C.S Magdom. Ref.-www.ijapbc.com
5. Bhaisajya Kalpana Vigyana by Dr. R Angadi Chapter-15 (Sarngadhar Samhita Madhyam Khanda 8/1)
6. Review Article on V.negundo by Diaz (2010), Hoste (2005), Sandoval-Castro (2012).
7. Anthraquinone, an overview. www.sciencedirect.com
8. Cardiac glycosides and triterpene–an overview, www.sciencedirect.com
9. Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Microbial study of extracts of V.negundo. www.rjddr.com
10. Comparative evolution of polyphenols. www.mdpi.com
11. Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Guduchyadi Varga, Sloka 113-115.
Received on 17.08.2018 Modified on 28.09.2018
Accepted on 22.10.2018 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
Res. J. Pharmacology & Pharmacodynamics.2018; 10(4):163-165
DOI: 10.5958/2321-5836.2018.00030.7